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Cruise missile submarine
A cruise missile submarine is a submarine that can launch cruise missiles (SLCMs). The United States Navy's hull classification symbols for cruise missile submarines are SSG and SSGN - the ''SS'' denotes submarine, the ''G'' denotes guided missile, and the ''N'' denotes that the submarine is nuclear-powered. Many cruise missile submarines retain the capability to deploy nuclear warheads on their missiles, but they are considered distinct from ballistic missile submarines due to the substantial differences between the two weapon systems characteristics. In modern usage, there is some significant overlap between cruise missile submarines and traditional attack submarines, as both cruise missile and dedicated anti-ship missiles greatly enhance a vessel's ability to attack surface combatants. Torpedoes are a more stealthy option, but missiles give a much longer stand-off range, as well as the ability to engage multiple targets on different headings at the same time. Early cruise missile submarines had to surface to launch their missiles. Later designs launch missiles from underwater, using either torpedo tubes or vertical canisters.
==U.S. Navy==
The U.S. Navy's first nuclear deterrent patrol submarines were five submarines equipped with the Regulus missile: USS ''Tunny'' (SSG-282), USS ''Barbero'' (SSG-317), , and . ''Tunny'' and ''Barbero'' were modified World War II s, while ''Grayback'', ''Growler'' and ''Halibut'' were custom-made launch platforms. These ships were redesignated with the removal of the Regulus missile from service in 1964.
From 2002 to 2008 the U.S. Navy modified the four oldest submarines - USS , , , and - into SSGNs. The conversion was achieved by installing vertical launching systems (VLS) in a "multiple all-up-round canister" (MAC) configuration in 22 of the 24 missile tubes, replacing one Trident missile with 7 smaller Tomahawk cruise missiles. The 2 remaining tubes were converted to lockout chambers for use by special forces personnel. This gave each converted sub the capability to carry up to 154 Tomahawks. The large diameter tubes can also be modified to carry and launch other payloads, such as UAVs or UUVs although these capabilities have not yet been fully implemented. In addition to generating a significant increase in stand-off strike capabilities, this conversion also counts as an arms reduction against the START II treaty〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 4 January 2009 )〕 because it reduces the number of nuclear weapons that are forward-deployed. USS ''Florida'' launched cruise missiles against Libyan targets as part of Operation Odyssey Dawn in March 2011.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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